Environmental problems can be studied from two different viewpoints. Once the site for development has been selected, the number of issues usually decreases and attention to detail increases. The following terms and abbreviations are used throughout the entry. The country, which has three climatic zones, each with their own biodiversity, is ravaged by war. Acidification the lowering of soil and water ph due to acid precipitation and deposition usually through precipitation. The specific objective isto convene a national stakeholders workshop to appreciate the problem of ewaste in ethiopia and plan for immediate intervention. Attaining sustainable development goals in subsaharan. An analysis and evaluation of the unhcrs policies in 19922002 contents. Federal laws on environmental organs establishment, environmental pollution control, solid waste management, and environmental impact assessment eia as well as effluent emission standards have been issued. Overgrazing and the expansion of farming into marginal lands caused by an increasing population pressure without increasing economic productivity have. Despite the challenges ethiopia faces, haile sees opportunities to incorporate population, health, and environment issues into the countrys poverty reduction strategies. Dumpsites emit obnoxious odors and smoke that cause illness to people living in, around, or closer to them 17.
Pan ethiopia, therefore, conducted a one month assessment of ewaste situation and the national stand of ethiopia with regard to ewaste management. Environmental issues such as water pollution as a result of agricultural and industrial runoffs, etc. In addition, different project documents and other written sources, mostly prepared. Key sources of environmental pollution in ethiopia sources. The gibe iii hydroelectric project on the omo river is a publicprivate partnership planned as part of the 25year national energy master plan of ethiopia. According to medina 18, pollution, a major environmental effect of dumpsites, is not directly transferred from land to people, except in the case of. Pdf with more than 80 million inhabitants in 2010, ethiopia is the most populous. The country faces many environmental challenges including declines.
This paper provides the insight view about the affects of environment pollution in the perspective of air pollution, water and land soil waste pollution on human by diseases and problems, animals and trees plants. By incorporating environmental issues into its work within ethiopia, we strive to develop initiatives that make improvements in multiple sectors and promote sustainable development. Introduction an environmental problem arises whenever there is a change in the quality or quantity of any environmental factor which directly or indirectly affects the health and wellbeing of man in an adverse manner. Overgrazing and the expansion of farming into marginal lands caused by an increasing population pressure without increasing economic productivity have been leaving the land bare. Water shortages are common in some areas during the dry season. Environment and climate research center, and the ministry of environment, forest and climate change. Clearing of forests, overgrazing and other reductions in the vegetation of the country has increased considerably during recent years. Climate and environmental risk screening for rural water. About 5% of ethiopia s total land area is protected. Apr 14, 2005 although ethiopia has developed an environmental policy that recognizes the impact of population factors on the environment, like most of our policy documents, this one suffers from lack of implementation, said haile, who noted with frustration that ethiopias government seems to be more interested in developing policies than implementing. Ethiopia has unveiled its sustainable and integrated development planning documents, the 5year growth and transformation plan and the climate resilient green economy strategy that shaped the content of this report.
An industry of great promise 23 a sector in full bloom and on the verge of full value chain integration 23 strategic issues and competitive constraints 35 supply side issues 37 business environment issues 42 market entry issues 45 socioeconomic and environment issues 46. Right after the 1992 rio conference ethiopia finalized a national conservation strategy also referred to as conservation strategy of ethiopia cse. Environmental, social and economic problems in the borkena plain. Transboundary issues involving ethiopia, kenya and sudan the omo delta and lake turkana. Environmental and health impact of solid waste disposal in. The hygiene and environmental health module comprises 23 study sessions divided into two parts. Severely eroded and deforested, ethiopia s land is increasingly turning to desert, due to the countrys high population growth, unsustainable land use, and lack of land ownership. Pdf the trend of development of environmental institutions in the. Households willingness to pay for improved urban waste. Through it, world leaders have committed to addressing the economic, social and environmental issues standing in the way of sustainable development.
Analysis of the research literature demonstrates unequivocally that environmental degradation is widespread and severe in ethiopia. Environmental problems such as deforestation are global in the refugee context because of their prevalence in various parts of the world. Floriculture is one of the booming sectors in ethiopia. Today, the ethiopian investment agency has given permit to 251 investors in the floriculture sector until 2008. Hygiene and environmental health is in two separate parts and was produced by a team of ethiopian experts, who were trained and supported by experts in blended learning pedagogy from the heat health education and training team for africa at the open university uk.
Epe environment policy of ethiopia etb ethiopian birr ewca ethiopian wildlife conservation. At the top left, the capital city of sudan, khartoum, is located at the convergence of the blue nile and the white nile. Pdf assessment of the environment pollution and its impact on. We describe an agricultural project in northern ethiopia that has succeeded in reversing the developments in an area formerly severely affected by problems such as soil erosion and hunger. Federal democratic republic of ethiopia country environmental. Water and soil pollution, especially by agrochemicals, are becoming. Featuring footage from sean peoples trip to ethiopia last year, this video looks at the efforts of two projects to address the countrys complex challenges with integrated solutions.
Download times of large pdf files vary based on connection speed. Challenges in the enabling environment for green industrialization. The main ethiopian rift is geologically active and susceptible to earthquakes. Though five years have elapsed since the adoption of the eia law in ethiopia, the practice is still in its infantile stage, owing to a. Environment pollution is a widereaching problem and it is likely to influence the health of human populations is great. Center for food security studies, college of development studies, addis abeba university, ethiopia corresponding author. Climate change and livestock production in ethiopia, journal for advances in life science and technology, volume 22. This came to an end in 1993 when eritrea gained independence. The last section posits a set of suggested avenues for action on environment and globalization. This, in turn has, helped in gaining replicable development experiences over the last decade and half.
One of the culprits of environmental damage in ethiopia is land fragmentation. Jimma university in collaboration with the ethiopia public health training initiative, the carter center, the ethiopia ministry of health, and the ethiopia ministry of education november 2002. It is in this regard that this piece becomes necessary, so that environmental issues can come to the front burner. According to a local environmentalists recent report there are 9. Multiple services can be provided from a single source or from different sources. However, there were some distinct challenges in ethiopian context. The environment for development efd initiative is an environmental economics program focused on international research collaboration, policy advice, and academic training.
The first private floriculture companies, meskel flower and ethioflora, started activities around 1997 on a few hectares of land5. In ethiopia, land degradation is a serious problem affecting agricultural productivity. At epa, pdf file sizes are labeled and megabytes are indicated by mb. Through ongoing activities supporting disaster readiness, we are assisting ethiopia improve its capacity to predict and respond to disastersprincipally drought and famine to which parts of the country are prone. Environmental issues, climate changes, and energy security in. It is a process that allows for public involvement when positive and negative impacts opportunities and constraints that are. National report of ethiopia sustainable development. Section one describes the impacts of intensive cropping practices, including monoculture, continuous. Western cape government environmental affairs and development planning 3 1. When this done, there will be a drastic reduction in the negative effects of climate and environmental changes.
Ethiopia s hivaids adult prevalence rate hovers around 1. Pdf trends and regulatory challenges of environmental. Ethiopia is located in the north eastern part of the african continent or what is known as the horn of africa. The article assesses the industrys environmental impact and the threat it is creating to the natural environment. Here, poor subsistence farmers, researchers, local advisors and agricultural experts and the environmental organisation institute for sustainable devel. Environmental issues, climate changes, and energy security. The first section examines these allegations after the introduction. An open question article pdf available in the journal of environmental education 412 january 2010 with 120,303 reads how we measure reads.
For environmental health students introduction to ecology worku legesse, b. When printing adobe pdf files from within your web. Table 1 contains a summary of technologies and their environmental impacts. If a document is labeled with a megabyte, it should be considered a large file and it may take a while to download to your pc. Agricultural based livelihood systems in drylands in the context of climate change, fao enrm profile. The availability and pollution of environmental resources is one of the main problems to which modern society faces. In spite of these efforts, eia in ethiopia has until now remained weak.
Increased silt and nutrient load of the watercourses due to increasing populations and the abovestated negative environmental. People in borkena in ethiopia suffer from a complex interplay of environmental degradation, increasing shortage of land due to population growth, conflicts between different ethnic and religious identities, and social confrontations as a result of such tensions. Water, the planets most precious resource, is no stranger to this situation. This section is organized around the notion that better global governance is the key to managing both globalization and the global environment. Given the state of the environment and ethiopia s economic goals, small, forprofit, environmental business may be an effective model for advancing environmental causes. Informed by these experiences and having recognized future opportunities, ethiopia has accepted with strong government commitments and. Global and ethiopia s national environmental challenges in ethiopia, land degradation is a serious problem affecting agricultural productivity. Monitoring sanitation and hygiene in rural ethiopia. Population, development, and environment in ethiopia wilson. Ethiopia environmental and climate change brief, swedish embassy of ethiopia. Population, development, and environment in ethiopia. This comprises a socalled tank graveyard on the outskirts of the capital, asmara. The holistic approach that the ethiopian government has recently developed aims to tackle the problems inherent in growth paths that produce environmental problems, and to realise potentials from investing in ethiopia. Here, several hectares are covered with derelict army tanks, armoured cars and jeeps deriving from the 30year war with ethiopia.
It supports centers in central america, china, ethiopia, kenya, south africa, and tanzania, in partnership with the environmental. The conservation strategy of ethiopia cse and the environmental policy of ethiopia epe were adopted in 1997. Jun 14, 2007 ethiopia has 110 cubic kilometers of renewable water resources with 86% used in agriculture. The environmental challenges facing sudan a country in east africa with an area of 1. Efforts to reduce poverty remain challenging, despite some progress since 1990, including advances made as. The causes of degradation are primarily the demand for. In terms of sustainable development, the environment appears to be subsaharan africas most pivotal need and the area that needs the most attention. The above stated environmental problems have already taken place in ethiopia. Downstream environmental and social conditions in the lower omo basin 2. Environmental pollution is tangled with the unsustainable anthropogenic activities, resulting in substantial public health problems. Following ethiopian practice and the logic of names, please quote and list this. In 2001, 35 of ethiopia s 255 mammal species were threatened.
Eias esias and the responsibility of submitting the documents to. With the exception of climate change, the major environmental issues affecting ethiopia are soil erosion and land degradation, deforestation and forest degradation, water scarcity, biodiversity. Climate, environmental changes, environmental friendly education policy, nigeria. Neither the land reform of 1975, nor the ecological campaigns of the 1980s, the police interference in the 1960s, the troops in the 1990s, nor the land distribution of 1997 could solve the root problems of environmental and social degradation in the area.
This entry lists the most pressing and important environmental problems. Environmental, social and economic problems in the borkena. In particular, the impacts of agriculture and deforestation especially on soils have been severe and increase the vulnerability of many people to food and water insecurity. Smallholder peasant agriculture, in some areas including forestry, is the dominant sector accounting for. Background environmental impact assessment eia is a tool to aid environmental decision making. It has a very high genetic diversity in four of the worlds widely grown food crops wheat, barley, sorghum, peas, in three of the worlds most important industrial crops linseed, castor, and. Hot springs and active volcanoes are found in its extreme east close to the red sea. Environmental issues in ethiopia and links to the ethiopian. The dahlak archipelago is seen off the red sea coast of eritrea.
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