Business english different stress and intonation in negotiations. This is perhaps the most important of the principles used as basic guidelines for intonation patterns of french. We compare these rules with examples from authentic speech. Intonation rules in elt textbooks richard cauldwell and. This description recognises significant intonation choices as being made within a very small number of systems. Comparison of intonation patterns in mandarin and english for. Its important to recognize the meaning behind the tones used in everyday speech, and to be able to use them so that there are no misunderstandings between the speaker and the listener. Scribd is the worlds largest social reading and publishing site.
Discourse intonation and language teaching book, 1980 worldcat. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a lingua franca contexts traditionally, pronunciation was taught by reference to nativespeaker models. This account of the intonation of english is part of ongoing research at the university of birmingham, england. Our r hythm and i ntonation ebook is the most comprehensive resource available for unlocking the mysteries of linking, sentence stress, and intonationpitch in american english. Intonation a visually mark patterns by raising eyebrows when it. Trochee peter, peter pumpkineater had a wife and couldnt keep her childrens rhymes tyger, tyger, burning bright in the forests of the night william blake. Celik teaching english intonation to eflesl students tesltefl. If the intonation falls, the speaker is not asking a question, but just asking the. The function of english as a lingua franca for communication needs rethinking in the teaching of english as a foreign language classroom as a consequence of globalisation.
Theory and practice of teaching discourse intonation mark. This thesis proposes a phonetic model of english intonation which is a system for linking the phonological and f descriptions of an utterance. One approach to teaching discourse intonation is the course prepared by brazil himself, called pronunciation for advanced learner of english. My teaching materials were based on the work of brazil 1980, 1985. His theory is the most consistent and elaborate of the three prereformers. The sample of the study consisted of forty female students who are studying english language and literature at the university of jordanaqaba. Everyday low prices and free delivery on eligible orders. Part 1 an empirical approach to language teaching methodology. The communicative value of intonation in english, originally published in 1985 by the english language research unit in birmingham and revised in 1992, sets out david brazils description of the system of intonation in english. Add a small intonation arrow coming out from the right of each box, showing the direction of the intonation e. Significantly the impulse to look at intonation in discourse came from language teachers or rather, teachers of language teachers. In english, we use tone to signal emotion, questioning, and parts of the sentence among many other things.
Discourse intonation in eltin order to attain total mastery of english language, esl students should undoubtedly be taught theintonation of english. The english as a foreign language lingua franca debate. Nov 17, 2011 teaching intonation using discourse 1. Failure to make use of the appropriate pragmatic discourse features of english intonation may result in serious communication breakdown between native and nonnative speakers of even advanced levels of proficiency. That is to say, if chinese has both tone and intonation, then chinese assigns tonal targets on a lexical as well as phrasal level, while english only assigns a intonation tune on a phrasal level. Articles cover topics from english grammar, spelling and punctuation, through to language teaching, career development, specialisations, and ideas and suggestions for the classroom. Although intonation has been gaining more and more recognition in l2 teaching for several decades, as an integral part of language. The final chapter intonation and language teaching, twice as long as any of the others, has as its main theme that the omission of instruction on intonation, and indeed other aspects of the sound system of english, is a striking characteristic of general course books and esp materials.
At a time when the language learning task is geared to instant interpersonal. Brief history of language teaching up to the 20 th century the study of language has always been of great importance from the very first stages of the human race. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a lingua. Stress and emphasis arent things that most people can learn from studying through computer programs and textbooks. Discourse intonation and language teaching david brazil, malcolm coulthard, catherine johns. Discourse intonation and language teaching applied. Now, chinese is a tone language, while english is an intonation language.
The introduction to discourse analysis is intended specifically to inform second language teachers about aspects of discourse analysis that can be helpful in instruction. The teaching of intonation seems to sit naturally with communicative language learning, but it is not an easy aspect of english to incorporate into the efl classroom. However, as speakers around the world increasingly interact in english as a lingua franca elf contexts, there is less focus on nativespeaker tar. Word stress and pronunciation teaching in english as a. They will learn how stress can change the meaning of words, and that the meaning of sentences can be changed by. This has created a gap between intonation as it is used in teaching and intonation research, making it difficult for the results of such research to be of use to teachers of a second language. The intonation of wh questions normally goes down at the end remember to start high so that it is easier to come down at the end. Discourse intonation and language teaching and brazil. At the heart of many crosscultural misunderstandings lie problems associated with intonation features of learner english.
Title exploring the teaching of discourse intonation authors. Intonation arrows a simple, clear way to show intonation is to draw a little box over each stressed syllable. Boyle department of english, chinese university of hong kong renewed interest in the teaching of stress and intonation has arisen through the functional approach to language teaching, with its wider use of. Teaching english intonation and stress patterns ted power. Discourse intonation and language teaching article pdf available in ilha do desterro 511 april 2008 with 382 reads. Listening comprehension and the value of a focus on intonation. Chapters within the book descibe parts of the intonation system which vary according to speaker choice. An introductory chapter provides a short discussion of some crucial terms. It is proposed that a framework of english intonation should include four major. The relationship between stressed and unstressed syllables. A ask students to raise their heads if the intonation rises.
The teaching of intonation is a problematic area for efl teachers. The discoursive approach begins from the standpoint of the speaker and his messagethe information he wishes to convey. Esl learners will focus on stress and intonation in the activities in this plan. Raising the pedagogic status of discourse intonation teaching. Halliday and greaves raise the question of the risk of doing this and explain that the lexicogrammar is the theoretical construct that enables us to explain the semogenic meaningmaking power of language as a whole provided that we present it. Theory and practice of teaching discourse intonation elt. Intonation in the grammar of english is written for scholars who are interested in language, but not necessarily linguists or phoneticians. You love those melodious sounds at the opera, and listening to the voices of those italian stars in foreign films is an aural thrill. The communicative value of intonation in english book applied linguistics non david brazil, martin hewings, richard cauldwell on. Discourse intonation phonetics brazil function part ii. If the intonation starts high and then falls, draw the arrow from the topright corner of the box going diagonally down. Stress and intonation is a notoriously difficult area to teach and test, yet should probably be learned.
Discourse intonation phonetics brazil function part ii tone. Articles about learning, using and teaching the english language, including advice, tutorials, opinions and lesson plans from various authors and contributors. In this period, language schools started to appear all over the country and trips to the united states were more frequent. Lepetit 1989, for instance, reported the results of his study on how native speakers of canadian english n 45 and japanese n 30 acquired french intonation.
Studies of intonation implications for teaching english pronunciation. In each section there are two ideas to help students. Discourse intonation and systemic functional phonology from the phonology to the semantics. The first chapter gives a historical and functional overview of discourse analysis. The introduction covers speech sound, locating it in relation to other phenomena and disciplines, discusses its representation and interpretation, and introduces the systems and strata which frame its analysis in terms of systemic functional linguistics. Tonal languages such as chinese and hausa use pitch to distinguish. Eric ed3639 discourse analysis for language teachers.
Recognising intonation patterns we have rising intonation, we have falling intonation, we have rising and falling intonation. The present contribution is an empirical study carried out in an italian university environment which aims to show how teachers. Otherwise, the students will literally remain deaf to the foreign language system. Business english different stress and intonation in.
Iambic pentameter to strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield. Books, images, historic newspapers, maps, archives and more. Renewed interest in the teaching of stress and intonation has arisen through the functional approach to language teaching, with its wider use of conversational texts. The seven chapters which follow discuss these aspects. The communicative value of intonation in english book applied. This model of english intonation takes a discoursebased approach and attempts to assign meaning or a communicative value to the different aspects that make up the system of intonation. Stress and intonation in english 2 ruth wickham, righton education training fellow facilitators manual stress and intonation in english 2hour workshop for pismp semester 2 at ipgkdri august 2012 introduction this is a 2hour workshop for 2 students in pismp semester 2, along with their lecturers. One model of english intonation, known as discourse intonation brazil, 1997. Bibliography includes bibliographical references p. Discourse intonation and language teaching david brazil. Intonation and stress are two main elements of linguistic prosody all languages use pitch semantically, that is, as intonation, for instance for emphasis, to convey surprise or irony, or to pose a question. Longman, 1980 audiolingual method language teaching 205 pages.
This book presents a new description developed to account for the interactive significance of intonation, relates it to an existing description of discourse structure and goes on to discuss both the general question of the place of intonation in language teaching and how this particular description might be taught. In this essay, i compare and contrast grammatical model of intonation with discourse intonation model. Discourse intonation phonetics brazil function part ii free download as powerpoint presentation. Discourse intonation and systemic functional phonology. Teaching english intonation with discourse approach. Buy discourse intonation and language teaching applied linguistics and language study by david brazil isbn. Discourse intonation and language teaching david brazil, malcolm. Intonation linguistics simple english wikipedia, the. It attempts to take account of how intonation contributes to the communicative value of an act of speech. This book presents a new description developed to account for the interactive significance of intonation, relates it to an existing description of discourse structure and goes on to discuss both the general question of the place of intonation in language teaching and.
In linguistics, intonation is variation of pitch while speaking which is not used to distinguish words. A basic model for the teaching and learning of intonation should highlight aspects that are significantly different between english and the learners first language. While many instructors and students feel it is an important aspect of language to incorporate into a curriculum, it is difficult to teach and often resistant to learning. Discourse intonation, with its emphasis on communicative value, is appealing theoretically for instructors and for practical reasons aiding in. His examination of intonation was limited to the domain. Teaching intonation using discourse linkedin slideshare. Efl english as a foreign language teachinglearning for communicative use has. You need a machine to determine whether its a rise or a fall. An investigation of the empirical basis for discourse. All teaching efforts must therefore be directed towards reducing the influence of conditioning by the mother tongue and by the intermediate system.
Comparison of intonation patterns in mandarin and english. However, they were assigned to experimental and control. English, on the other hand, is not a tone language or lexical accent language, and is generally agreed to have relatively complex intonation. It presents the principles seen as relevant to the language teaching context and illustrates them with real spoken and written language data. Many language teachers regard intonation as a notoriously difficult area of phonology to. When teaching intonation, its best to use activities that are fun and engaging. The communicative value of intonation in english book.
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